Evaluation of Serum Soluble Endoglin Levels in Pre-eclampsia: A Case-Control Study
Published: February 1, 2023 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2023/57711.17538
Yuganti C Sawarkar, Rachna Agarwal, Mohit Mehndiratta, Amita Suneja, Richa Aggarwal
1. Postgraduate Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
2. Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
3. Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
4. Director Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
5. Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
Correspondence
Yuganti C Sawarkar,
Postgraduate Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
E-mail: ycsawarkar@gmail.com
Introduction: Soluble Endoglin (sEng) has an antiangiogenic effect, by inhibiting of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 bond at endoglin receptors and inhibiting vasodilatation. sEng levels increase in Pre-eclampsia (PE) due to hypoxic placenta and there have been possible role of it in the pathogenesis of PE and its therapeutic implications.
Aim: To compare serum sEng levels in pre-eclamptic patients (cases) versus control.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out November 2019 to October 2021, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi. On 40 cases with a singleton pregnancy with diagnosis of PE enrolled as cases and 40 normal healthy pregnant women matched for age and gestational age as controls. sEng was estimated using commercially available Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Last uterine (Ut) and Umbilical Artery (UA) doppler findings were noted and sEng levels were compared with doppler studies. The analysis was done using student t-test and Chi-square test.
Results: A total of 80 participants were included in the study, 40 in case group (mean age 26.53±4.93 years) and 40 in control group (mean age: 25.35±3.10 years). A total of 21 PE cases were Non Severe PE (NSPE) (52.5%) and 19 were Severe PE (SPE) (47.5%). Early-onset PE was observed in n=11 (28%) and the remaining n=29 (72%) had late-onset PE. sEng was significantly higher in pre-eclamptic women 55.08±21.42 ng/mL as compared to controls 44.15±12.02 ng/mL (p=0.006). Higher levels of sEng were seen in SPE 59.20±28.44 ng/mL vs NSPE 51.36±11.66 ng/mL (p=0.066). sEng levels between early onset PE (50.93±5.89 ng/mL) and late onset PE (56.66±24.84 ng/mL) (p=0.832). sEng levels were higher in cases with abnormal Resistance Index (RI) of Ut artery 54.23±6.68 ng/mL than in normal RI of Ut artery 54.23±6.68 ng/mL, though not significant. Abnormal Ut artery RI doppler was seen more in early-onset (n=2, 33%) than in late onset PE (n=1, 7%).
Conclusion: The PE cases had significantly higher levels of sEng compared to controls. Thus, it can be concluded that, there is a definitive role of sEng in pathogenesis of PE due to its antiangiogenic action.
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